Abstract:Background: IPV is a significant global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Indonesia. IPV has been linked with complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and other obstetric complications, as well as mental health challenges, which can further impact reproductive health. Objectives: This study assesses the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and pregnancy outcome. Methods: The data employs a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2024 National Women’s Life Experience Survey with a total of 7,884 ever-married women aged 15 to 49 years old. The primary outcome variable is pregnancy outcome, which was categorized into live birth and pregnancy loss (miscarriage/abortion/stillbirth). The independent variables include any form of IPV: restriction, economic violence, psychological violence, physical violence, and sexual violence. Logistic regression was used to analyze IPV and pregnancy outcome, controlled by sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Among the respondents, 19.0% were reported to have experienced pregnancy loss in their life. This study showed that restriction (aOR=1.25; 95%CI: 1.11-1.43) and psychological violence (aOR=1.28; 95%CI: 1.05-1.57) were associated with pregnancy loss. However, there were no statistical significance in physical, sexual, and economical violence with pregnancy outcome. Conclusions: These findings suggest that partner control and psychological abuse may influence women’s autonomy, impacting health-seeking behaviors and access to maternal health services, which in turn may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Keywords: Humanitarian Emergencies and Health, intimate partner violence, pregnancy loss, Indonesia,
