Abstract:Climate change is increasingly impacting urban environments, posing significant risks to public health, infrastructure, and social equity. Urban areas, due to their population density, complex systems, and vulnerability to heat island effects, are at the front line of these challenges. In response, this study proposes an urban resilience indicator framework that integrates the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with ISO 37123: Indicators for Resilient Cities, aiming to guide local governments in enhancing resilience under climate stress. The framework is built upon four SDGs SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) and is structured around three dimensions: environmental, social, and governance. It consists of 12 primary indicators and 36 sub-indicators, initially developed through literature analysis. To refine the indicators, the study adopted the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM), conducting two rounds of expert consultation with 15 professionals from urban planning, disaster risk reduction, and public health. Based on Fuzzy Consensus Values (FCVs), 28 sub-indicators were finalized. High-consensus areas include climate risk management (e.g., heatwave alerts, green infrastructure), health system preparedness (e.g., medical accessibility, inclusive shelters), and governance transparency (e.g., disaster information systems, budget openness). The framework has been piloted in Taipei’s West District Gateway Project, demonstrating its policy relevance and practical applicability. The findings highlight the importance of integrating infrastructure, public health, and governance to build holistic urban resilience. This study contributes to the evolving discourse on planetary health by offering a structured tool for cities to adapt to climate change while promoting health and sustainability.
Keywords: Climate Change and Planetary Health, Urban Resilience, Climate Change, Planetary Health, SDGs, ISO 37123
